Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) Practice Exam

What position allows optimal exposure of the retroperitoneal area of the flank?

1. Prone

2. Trendelenburg

3. Supine

4. Lateral

The correct answer is: Lateral

The lateral position is the optimal choice for providing access to the retroperitoneal area of the flank. This position allows the surgical team to effectively access and visualize the structures located in the retroperitoneal space, which includes important anatomical features such as the kidneys, ureters, and major blood vessels. In the lateral position, one side of the patient is angled upward while the opposite side remains flat on the operating table. This not only improves access to the flank but also allows gravity to assist in retracting the abdominal contents and facilitates a clearer view for the surgeon. It is commonly used in procedures like nephrectomies or surgeries involving the adrenal glands. Other positions such as prone, Trendelenburg, and supine do not provide the same level of access to the retroperitoneal area. The prone position may hinder access to the flank, as it places the patient face down. Trendelenburg, which tilts the patient’s legs upward, may not adequately expose the retroperitoneal structures. Supine, with the patient lying flat on their back, does not provide the necessary elevation or angle to access the flank effectively. Thus, the lateral position is specifically advantageous for surgeries targeting the retroperitoneal area.