Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) Practice Exam

What is the standard method for sterilizing surgical instruments?

1. Steam sterilization

2. Radiation sterilization

3. Ethylene oxide sterilization

4. Dry heat sterilization

The correct answer is: Steam sterilization

Steam sterilization, also known as autoclaving, is widely recognized as the standard method for sterilizing surgical instruments due to its efficacy in inactivating a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and spores. This process works by using steam under pressure, typically at 121 degrees Celsius (250 degrees Fahrenheit) or higher, which not only achieves sterilization but also ensures that the instruments are adequately dried and ready for use. The ability of steam to penetrate materials effectively contributes to the thorough sterilization of instruments made from various materials. In addition to its effectiveness, steam sterilization is also favored because it is environmentally safe and economical. It avoids the use of harmful chemicals, making it less hazardous to both health care workers and patients compared to other sterilization methods like ethylene oxide sterilization, which requires longer exposure times and careful handling due to its toxicity and flammability. While other methods like radiation and dry heat have specific applications in certain contexts, steam sterilization remains the go-to method for most surgical instruments due to its speed, reliability, and favorable conditions for successful sterilization. This is why it is the correct choice among the options presented.