Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by the build-up of fatty deposits such as cholesterol?

1. Embolism

2. Thrombosis

3. Arteriospasm

4. Atherosclerosis

The correct answer is: Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the build-up of fatty deposits, including cholesterol, within the walls of arteries. This accumulation forms plaques that can narrow and harden the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. Over time, these plaques can rupture, potentially leading to serious cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Understanding atherosclerosis is crucial, as it is a common underlying cause of several conditions involving the cardiovascular system. It illustrates how lifestyle factors like poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking can contribute to the pathophysiology of heart disease. In examining the other options, embolism refers to a blockage caused by a clot or other material that has traveled from another part of the body. Thrombosis involves the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, which can also lead to significant health complications but is different from the chronic condition defined by plaque build-up. Arteriospasm indicates a sudden constriction of a blood vessel, which can limit blood flow but does not specifically involve the accumulation of fatty deposits. Thus, atherosclerosis is the condition that clearly aligns with the characteristics described in the question.