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The nasal cavity is divided into two portions by the septum, which is a structure made up of bone and cartilage. The septum runs vertically down the middle of the nasal cavity, effectively separating the two sides and contributing to the overall anatomy responsible for proper airflow and the functional aspects of the nasal passages. This division is crucial for various functions, including olfaction (the sense of smell) and respiration, as it helps to regulate airflow and trap particles in mucus.

The vomer is one of the bones that forms part of the nasal septum, but it alone does not complete the separation of the nasal cavity. The ethmoid bone is involved in the structure of the nasal cavity as well, particularly in forming the nasal roof and providing support for the olfactory system, but it does not serve as the primary divider. The sphenoid bone is located deeper within the cranium and does not play a role in separating the nasal cavities. Hence, the septum is the correct term to denote the anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity into two portions.